DNA in Industry

 plays a pivotal role across biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and environmental sectors. In the pharmaceutical and biotech industries, recombinant DNA technology enables the production of therapeutic proteins like insulin, growth hormones, and monoclonal antibodies. In agriculture, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with altered DNA sequences help improve crop yield, resistance to pests, and tolerance to environmental stress. DNA is also central to industrial enzyme production, where engineered microorganisms are used to produce enzymes for detergents, food processing, and biofuels. Furthermore, DNA-based biosensors and diagnostics are increasingly used in quality control and environmental monitoring, reflecting the growing integration of molecular tools into industrial processes.