Optimisation of Fermentation Processes in Intelligent Biomanufacturing: 

Advancements in intelligent biomanufacturing have revolutionized fermentation process optimization by combining online monitoring, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twin technologies. Online monitoring systems continuously collect real-time data on key process variables such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and substrate concentrations, providing detailed insights into fermentation dynamics. Building on this data, AI especially machine learning algorithms enables dynamic regulation of feeding strategies and other critical parameters, allowing the process to adapt automatically to biological variations and optimize cell growth and product yield. Complementing these tools, digital twin technology creates a virtual model of the fermentation system, simulating the bioreactor’s behavior under different conditions. This digital replica supports lifecycle optimization by enabling predictive analyses, scenario testing, and scale-up planning without interrupting actual production. Together, these technologies transform traditional, trial-and-error fermentation optimization into a proactive, data-driven approach that improves efficiency, consistency, and scalability in biologic manufacturing.